Series 201 emerged as an energy saving electric train adopting semiconductor armature-chopper control and regenerative brake in replacement of conventional rheostatic control. Based on the test results of a trial model which appeared in 1979, a mass-production model was manufactured. Starting with operation as rapid train on the Chuo line, this model was deployed as local trains on Chuo/Sobu line and as local trains on Tokaido line (in Kansai area) and was used even after the privatization of JNR into JR.